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英语口语虽然还没纳入高考,但是,绝不能将口语的教学拒之门外。我们都清楚,语言最初是人们口头交流、传递信息的工具。但随着社会的发展,语言被通过文字的形式表现出来。
在高考中,虽然目前还没有更好的办法对口语进行测试,但口语教学绝不能忽略。因为语言中的听说读写是相互影响的。因此“说”的训练即口语的训练是有利于学生熟记单词、短语和句型的,同样有助于学生对书面语的理解,于是就有助于高考。那么我们怎样培养学生的口语习惯呢?
一、充分利用课前5分钟
多数教师对学生的口语训练只局限于课堂教学,局限于自己对少数学生的提问。虽然有些教师也利用课前5分钟,但他们只让学生特别是值日生描述当天的天气情况,或所见所闻。笔者认为,前5分钟的口语训练不能只限于少数人,而应面向全体同学。例如,教师可以规定每个同学在上课前准备好2-5个问题,这几个问题可以用书面的形式写下来,最好让学生背熟。然后在课前5分钟口语训练时根据这些问题相互提问,如:同桌S1与S2的对话:
S1:What time did you get up this morning?
S2:I got up at six.
S1:What did you have for your breakfast?
S2:I had…
S1:How did you come to school?
S2:I came to school by bike/bus/taxi…
S1:What are you doing now?
S2:I am answering your question.
S1:What are you going to do after school?
S2:I am going to…
S1问完S2后,反过来由S2问S1。当然在训练的过程中,用的时间可能达10分钟。教师可以根据情况适当调控,比如说每个同学只问2-3个问题。试想全班几十人,同桌之间相互提问将是何等的热闹。虽然学生问的问题简单,但只要坚持天天如此,他们所提问的内容就会逐渐加广、加深,他们的思维就会更加活跃。还有我们不要小看这短短5分钟,只要次数多了,时间长了,就可以积少成多,慢慢地学生就会养成一种习惯。教师在指导此项活动时,偶尔叫学生站起来做个示范,那样效果更佳。
二、充分利用课堂
课堂教学是培养学生口语能力的主渠道,我们要核心设计,科学安排,充分利用课堂45分钟。对课文中的精采段落、句子,引导学生反复朗读,不但能朗朗上口,而且能背诵,用时能脱口而出。学生说得清晰、准确,进一步加强了操练口语的信心。另外,要注意利用课文中的插图,设计情景,组织看图说话,互相提问。这是一种训练学生口语的好方法。充分利用新教材中的插图,不但能提高口语能力,而且还会复习、巩固所学的知识,同时也能够有层次地组织每个学生进行有效地操练。利用所学课文的内容和选用与课文相当的材料组织学生课堂表演带有很强交际性的活动,也是学生掌握所学单词、句型后的提升。在英语教学中开展表演活动,能把课堂变成真正意义上的语言交际场所,在表演中使学生能感受语言,增强语感,有利于培养学生的口语能力和口语习惯。
三、每周一次班级小型英语角
英语角就是给英语学习者小试牛刀或相互切磋英语心得的地方,但如果学生在老师的指导下适当做些准备,可能会收到更好的效果。比如,老师叫学生把一周来所学过的单词、短语稍作整理,设计成要问的问题,让同学们相互之间进行问和答,这不仅巩固了所学的知识而且还训练了口语。比如,当同学们学完了人教版高二英语(下)Unit 14里面的主要单词:freedom(自由),Martin Luther King, fighter, black people, civil rights, fight against, race, separation, Nobel Prize, political, arrest, boycott, non-violent demonstrations, racial, discrimination, Vietnam War……等
学生可以像如下设问:
S1:Student 1、S2:Student2
S1:This week we have learnt Unit 14. Can you tell me what the “first reading” talks about?
S2:It’s about a freedom fighter—Martin Luther King. In order to help the black people get the civil rights, he fought against the race separation.
S1:In the text, it seems that he got the Nobel Prize. Is that right?
S2:Yes, because of his peaceful politcal activities, he got the prize.
S1:Then it’s your turn to ask me.
S2:OK, what did Martin Luther King do when he was fifteen?
S1:He went to the college.
S2:Had he ever been arrested?
S1:Yes, because he led a boycott of the bus company, and later he led many non?鄄violent demonstrations against raicial discrimination and the Vietnam War. …
以上的对话必须是在学生非常熟悉课文的情况下进行。如不够熟悉,可像如下进行操练:
S1:What is its Chinese mean of “freedom”?
S2:It is “自由”.
S1:Can you make a sentence with it?
S2:Yes, Martin Luther King fought for freedom.
S1:Who is put into prison in the text?
S2:It’s Martin Luher King.
S1:What is its English mean of “革命”?
S2:Sorry I forget it.
S1:It’s revolution. …
这种相互猜测中英文的对话,相对浅一点,但是同样能起到加深对所学生词的理解,而且还可以锻练口语。
四、随时随地中英混合练口语
所谓随时随地就是指可以在课间,可以在吃饭时,可以在宿舍里,也可以是走在路上等。中英混合练口语就是用一半中文一半英语进行交谈也即在无法用英语表达的情况下采用中文表达的方式使英语口语的训练得以顺利进行的一种练习方式。
S1:Did you watch TV on the the morning of November 4, 2006?
S2:Yes, I did. Our country held the 中非合作论谈. And there were 48 代表attending the
summit.
S1:Well, maybe you are wrong. It should have been 48代表, but in fact, only 42代表were
present at the summit.
S2:Perhaps you are right. And I heard that president Hu had shook hands for 49 times with the代
表coming from Africa.
S1:Yes, and this year is the fiftieth周年纪年日for the建交of China and Africa.
S2:Yes, that’s right.
在学生进行的中英参杂的对话中,学生往往把不懂的地方用中文表达出来,而且当学生每讲完一句话后大多对自己无法用英文表达的地方记忆深刻,他们会向同学或老师请教,也可以查字典。
再如:
S1:Do you like football?
S2:Yes, I do.
S1:Did you watch 世界怀 held in this year? And how to express世界怀?
S2:Yes, I did. In English, 世界怀is “the World Cup”.
S1:How do you think of “巴西队”?
S2:It should have won but “出乎我的意料”, it failed.
S1:What is the word “巴西队” in English?
S2: It seems that it is Brazil Team.
S1:Oh, yes. I think of it now.
S2:And can you express in English of “出乎我的意料”?
S1:I dont know, either. Let’s look it up in the dictionary.
(查字典后)Oh, it’s “beyond my mind”.
在本例中,学生把在操练中出现的问题现场解决了。
其实让学生训练口语的机会是很多的,只要每一位老师都细心地挖掘,总会收到意想不到的效果,就如我们全国普及普通话一样要求学生,“请说普通话”,只要他们肯开口,不怕出错,也不要怕不懂。总之要持之以恒地用口语刺激学生对英语的学习热情,那么当学生都能流利地说一口英语时,你还会担心其高考的应试能力会差吗?
在高考中,虽然目前还没有更好的办法对口语进行测试,但口语教学绝不能忽略。因为语言中的听说读写是相互影响的。因此“说”的训练即口语的训练是有利于学生熟记单词、短语和句型的,同样有助于学生对书面语的理解,于是就有助于高考。那么我们怎样培养学生的口语习惯呢?
一、充分利用课前5分钟
多数教师对学生的口语训练只局限于课堂教学,局限于自己对少数学生的提问。虽然有些教师也利用课前5分钟,但他们只让学生特别是值日生描述当天的天气情况,或所见所闻。笔者认为,前5分钟的口语训练不能只限于少数人,而应面向全体同学。例如,教师可以规定每个同学在上课前准备好2-5个问题,这几个问题可以用书面的形式写下来,最好让学生背熟。然后在课前5分钟口语训练时根据这些问题相互提问,如:同桌S1与S2的对话:
S1:What time did you get up this morning?
S2:I got up at six.
S1:What did you have for your breakfast?
S2:I had…
S1:How did you come to school?
S2:I came to school by bike/bus/taxi…
S1:What are you doing now?
S2:I am answering your question.
S1:What are you going to do after school?
S2:I am going to…
S1问完S2后,反过来由S2问S1。当然在训练的过程中,用的时间可能达10分钟。教师可以根据情况适当调控,比如说每个同学只问2-3个问题。试想全班几十人,同桌之间相互提问将是何等的热闹。虽然学生问的问题简单,但只要坚持天天如此,他们所提问的内容就会逐渐加广、加深,他们的思维就会更加活跃。还有我们不要小看这短短5分钟,只要次数多了,时间长了,就可以积少成多,慢慢地学生就会养成一种习惯。教师在指导此项活动时,偶尔叫学生站起来做个示范,那样效果更佳。
二、充分利用课堂
课堂教学是培养学生口语能力的主渠道,我们要核心设计,科学安排,充分利用课堂45分钟。对课文中的精采段落、句子,引导学生反复朗读,不但能朗朗上口,而且能背诵,用时能脱口而出。学生说得清晰、准确,进一步加强了操练口语的信心。另外,要注意利用课文中的插图,设计情景,组织看图说话,互相提问。这是一种训练学生口语的好方法。充分利用新教材中的插图,不但能提高口语能力,而且还会复习、巩固所学的知识,同时也能够有层次地组织每个学生进行有效地操练。利用所学课文的内容和选用与课文相当的材料组织学生课堂表演带有很强交际性的活动,也是学生掌握所学单词、句型后的提升。在英语教学中开展表演活动,能把课堂变成真正意义上的语言交际场所,在表演中使学生能感受语言,增强语感,有利于培养学生的口语能力和口语习惯。
三、每周一次班级小型英语角
英语角就是给英语学习者小试牛刀或相互切磋英语心得的地方,但如果学生在老师的指导下适当做些准备,可能会收到更好的效果。比如,老师叫学生把一周来所学过的单词、短语稍作整理,设计成要问的问题,让同学们相互之间进行问和答,这不仅巩固了所学的知识而且还训练了口语。比如,当同学们学完了人教版高二英语(下)Unit 14里面的主要单词:freedom(自由),Martin Luther King, fighter, black people, civil rights, fight against, race, separation, Nobel Prize, political, arrest, boycott, non-violent demonstrations, racial, discrimination, Vietnam War……等
学生可以像如下设问:
S1:Student 1、S2:Student2
S1:This week we have learnt Unit 14. Can you tell me what the “first reading” talks about?
S2:It’s about a freedom fighter—Martin Luther King. In order to help the black people get the civil rights, he fought against the race separation.
S1:In the text, it seems that he got the Nobel Prize. Is that right?
S2:Yes, because of his peaceful politcal activities, he got the prize.
S1:Then it’s your turn to ask me.
S2:OK, what did Martin Luther King do when he was fifteen?
S1:He went to the college.
S2:Had he ever been arrested?
S1:Yes, because he led a boycott of the bus company, and later he led many non?鄄violent demonstrations against raicial discrimination and the Vietnam War. …
以上的对话必须是在学生非常熟悉课文的情况下进行。如不够熟悉,可像如下进行操练:
S1:What is its Chinese mean of “freedom”?
S2:It is “自由”.
S1:Can you make a sentence with it?
S2:Yes, Martin Luther King fought for freedom.
S1:Who is put into prison in the text?
S2:It’s Martin Luher King.
S1:What is its English mean of “革命”?
S2:Sorry I forget it.
S1:It’s revolution. …
这种相互猜测中英文的对话,相对浅一点,但是同样能起到加深对所学生词的理解,而且还可以锻练口语。
四、随时随地中英混合练口语
所谓随时随地就是指可以在课间,可以在吃饭时,可以在宿舍里,也可以是走在路上等。中英混合练口语就是用一半中文一半英语进行交谈也即在无法用英语表达的情况下采用中文表达的方式使英语口语的训练得以顺利进行的一种练习方式。
S1:Did you watch TV on the the morning of November 4, 2006?
S2:Yes, I did. Our country held the 中非合作论谈. And there were 48 代表attending the
summit.
S1:Well, maybe you are wrong. It should have been 48代表, but in fact, only 42代表were
present at the summit.
S2:Perhaps you are right. And I heard that president Hu had shook hands for 49 times with the代
表coming from Africa.
S1:Yes, and this year is the fiftieth周年纪年日for the建交of China and Africa.
S2:Yes, that’s right.
在学生进行的中英参杂的对话中,学生往往把不懂的地方用中文表达出来,而且当学生每讲完一句话后大多对自己无法用英文表达的地方记忆深刻,他们会向同学或老师请教,也可以查字典。
再如:
S1:Do you like football?
S2:Yes, I do.
S1:Did you watch 世界怀 held in this year? And how to express世界怀?
S2:Yes, I did. In English, 世界怀is “the World Cup”.
S1:How do you think of “巴西队”?
S2:It should have won but “出乎我的意料”, it failed.
S1:What is the word “巴西队” in English?
S2: It seems that it is Brazil Team.
S1:Oh, yes. I think of it now.
S2:And can you express in English of “出乎我的意料”?
S1:I dont know, either. Let’s look it up in the dictionary.
(查字典后)Oh, it’s “beyond my mind”.
在本例中,学生把在操练中出现的问题现场解决了。
其实让学生训练口语的机会是很多的,只要每一位老师都细心地挖掘,总会收到意想不到的效果,就如我们全国普及普通话一样要求学生,“请说普通话”,只要他们肯开口,不怕出错,也不要怕不懂。总之要持之以恒地用口语刺激学生对英语的学习热情,那么当学生都能流利地说一口英语时,你还会担心其高考的应试能力会差吗?