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立秋后,天气渐凉,菊株开始旺长,但个别菊株会出现异常情况——柳叶头及封顶。如有发生,菊株则不能正常开花或不开花。柳叶头又称柳芽头,多在8～9月间出现。柳叶头与正常花蕾的区别主要有两点。第一,外形不同。正常花蕾多是中间一个主蕾,下面围绕着多个副蕾,主、副蕾同时不断膨大(图一)。柳叶头则是在菊株正顶处生出与正常花叶不同的柳叶状小叶,有时中间还会含有一个僵化的小蕾。柳叶头出现后不久即不再增长。在其周围会生出几个侧芽,并快速拔节变成新的侧枝(图二)。第二,时间不同。正常花蕾大多出现在9月中下旬以后,而柳叶头多发生在9月初甚至更早。菊株出现柳叶头,主要是因为菊株完成了营养生长将进入生殖生长并准备开花时,环境不能满足其所需的短日照(14小时以下)条件,因此不能分化出花芽,聚集在菊株顶端的营养物质就会形成不能开花的柳叶头。有的品种由于遗传
After the fall of autumn, the weather became cooler and the chrysanthemum plants started to flourish. However, individual chrysanthemum plants showed abnormalities - the willow head and the cap. If occurs, the chrysanthemum plant can not flowering normally or not. Willow head, also known as willow head, mostly in the 8 to 9 months. Willow head and the difference between the normal buds are two main points. First, different shape. The normal bud is mostly the middle of a main bud, surrounded by a number of Vice Lei below, the main, Vice Lei while expanding. Willow head is in the top of the chrysanthemum plant born with different from the normal mosaic willow leaflets, and sometimes there will be a middle of a rigid bud. Shortly after emergence of willow leaves no longer grows. Around it will produce a few lateral buds, and quickly jointed into a new collateral (Figure II). Second, the time is different. Most of the normal buds appear late in late September, while the willow head occurs more often in early September or even earlier. Chrysanthemum appears willow head, mainly because the chrysanthemum has completed the vegetative growth will enter the reproductive growth and ready for flowering, the environment can not meet its required short-day (14 hours) conditions, it can not differentiate the flower buds, gathered in the chrysanthemum Top of the plant nutrients will form can not flowering willow head. Some varieties due to genetic