由于1973—74年第一次能源危机以及近东地区政治运动的影响,尤其是钢铁工业作为最大的能源消耗者,能源的供应日趋困难,石油与天然气开始短缺。1978年世界能源会议指出,到80年代末期世界石油的需要 Owing to the first energy crisis in 1973-74 and the political campaign in the Near East, especially the steel industry, as the largest energy consumer, energy supply became increasingly difficult and oil and natural gas began to suffer shortages. The World Energy Conference in 1978 pointed out the need for oil in the world by the late 1980s