对新疆野生油菜和野芥（Sinapis arvensis L）的cpDNA,染色体数及核型,叶表皮气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数,生殖隔离,植株形态和生长发育等研究结果表明,新疆野生油菜就是野芥。鉴于野芥在我国还没有记载和报道,因此,新疆野生油菜的发现就是野芥在中国的新发现。野芥在加拿大被称为“毒草”。文章对防止野芥蔓延,野芥作为种质资源利用的可能性和在油菜起源进化中的地位等问题作了讨论。 The results of cpDNA, chromosome number and karyotype, chloroplast number of stomatal guard cells in leaf epidermis, reproductive isolation, plant morphology and growth and development in Xinjiang wild rape and Sinapis arvensis L showed that wild rape in Xinjiang was wild mustard. In view of wild mustard in our country has not been documented and reported, therefore, the discovery of wild rape in Xinjiang is wild mustard in China’s new discovery. Wild mustard in Canada is called “poisonous grass.” The article discusses the issues of preventing the spread of wild mustard, the possibility of using wild mustard as a germplasm resource and its status in the evolution of rape origin.