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以纳米聚丙烯(nano-polypropylene,PP)为基体,丙烯酸丁酯为单体,采用紫外辐射方法制备高吸油性复合材料(butyl acrylate grafted nano-polypropylene,BAPP)。试验确定的最佳制备条件为:辐照时间1 h,单体浓度33.3%,光敏剂浓度0.2%,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对改性前后样品的结构进行了表征,结果表明丙烯酸丁酯被成功接枝到纳米聚丙烯纤维上。考察了接枝率、吸附时间、吸附温度和p H值等对改性纳米聚丙烯材料吸油性能的影响,改性纳米聚丙烯对机油的吸附符合二级动力学模型。实验数据显示,常温下纳米聚丙烯和改性材料对原油的吸油量分别为35.5 g/g和28.5 g/g,改性后的材料吸油性能明显改善。温度对改性纳米聚丙烯纤维的吸油率有明显影响,与油品种类及粘度有关系,随着p H值的升高,改性纳米聚丙烯纤维对机油的吸油率迅速增加。
The butyl acrylate grafted nano-polypropylene (BAPP) was prepared by UV radiation using nano-polypropylene (PP) as matrix and butyl acrylate as monomer. The optimal preparation conditions were determined as follows: irradiation time 1 h, monomer concentration 33.3%, photosensitizer concentration 0.2%, and the structure of the sample before and after modification was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ester was grafted onto the nano-polypropylene fiber successfully. The effects of grafting ratio, adsorption time, adsorption temperature and p H value on the oil absorption of modified nano-polypropylene were investigated. The adsorption of modified nano-polypropylene on the oil complied with the second-order kinetic model. Experimental data show that the oil absorption of crude oil by nano-polypropylene and modified materials are 35.5 g / g and 28.5 g / g respectively at room temperature, and the oil absorption properties of the modified materials are obviously improved. The temperature has a significant effect on the oil absorption of the modified nano-polypropylene fiber, which is related to the type and viscosity of the oil. With the increase of p H value, the oil absorption of the modified nano-polypropylene fiber increases rapidly.