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殷墟是中国商王朝后期都城遗址,在河南省安阳市西北郊的洹河南北两岸,刘家庄位于殷墟的东南部,北距殷墟宫殿宗庙区约1000m。2008年,中国社会科学院考古研究所安阳工作队对安阳殷墟刘家庄北地的西南隅进行了第二期发掘,发现了众多的遗迹和遗物。在考古发掘中,在道路、水井、墓葬、房址、灰沟、灰坑及地层中共采集466份木炭样品,共12979块大于4mm的木炭,其中有1364块硬木松。灰沟包括HG3Ⅰ、HG3Ⅱ和HG3Ⅲ三部分,共有1285块硬木松木炭,其中在灰沟HG3Ⅰ中有195块硬木松,40块硬木松木炭有锯齿状年轮。有锯齿状树轮的硬木松木炭,占HG3Ⅰ出土硬木松的20.5%,占灰沟中出土硬木松的3.1%,占整个遗址出土硬木松的2.9%。本文对灰沟出土的硬木松锯齿状树轮和正常树轮的解剖结构进行了比较。结果表明,具有锯齿状树轮的硬木松木炭的横切面,除了有正常树脂道外还有创伤树脂道;径切面管胞由直立变为弯曲;弦切面也产生较多的树脂道。本文还对产生锯齿状树轮的原因进行了分析,认为树木生长过程中,由于受到外界的干扰,形成了锯齿状的树轮。
Yin Ruins are the ruins of the capital city of the late Shang Dynasty in China. In the northwestern suburbs of Anyang City, Henan Province, Liu River is located in the southeastern part of the Yin River, and is about 1000m away from the Jinding Temple in the Yin Ruins. In 2008, the Anyang Working Team of the Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences conducted the second excavation of the southwestern corner of Liujiazhuang North of Yinu Ruins and discovered numerous relics and relics. In archeological excavations, a total of 466 samples of charcoals were collected from roads, wells, tombs, house sites, ditch dikes, ash pits and strata, altogether 12979 pieces of charcoal larger than 4 mm, of which 1364 pieces were hardwood pine. The gray ditch includes three parts of HG3Ⅰ, HG3Ⅱ and HG3Ⅲ. There are altogether 1285 hardwood pine charcoal, of which 195 hardwood pine and 40 hardwood pine charcoal have serrated ring in HG3Ⅰ. Hardwood pine charcoal with jagged tree wheels account for 20.5% of the hardwood pine excavated in HG3Ⅰ, 3.1% of the hardwood pine excavated in the gray furrow, and 2.9% of the hardwood pine excavated from the entire site. In this paper, anatomical structures of serrated tree rings and normal tree rings of hardwood pine excavated in gray ditch were compared. The results showed that the transverse section of hardwood pine charcoal with jagged tree-rings had traumatic resin track in addition to the normal resin track; the diameter of tracheids changed from upright to curved; and the chordal section also produced more resin channels. This paper also analyzes the causes of jagged tree-rings. It is believed that during tree growth, jagged tree-rings are formed due to external disturbances.