腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见疾病，人群发病率高。随着社会发展和生活方式的改变，腰椎间盘突出症的发病率呈现逐渐增高的趋势。鉴于腰椎间盘突出症诊疗理念和技术手段的不断进步，有必要对腰椎间盘突出症的诊断和治疗方法进行总结和规范其诊疗流程。本指南遵循循证医学的原则，参照2013年我国卫生行业科研专项项目制订的《腰椎间盘突出症诊疗指南专家共识及临床路径》和2013年北美脊柱外科学会制订的《腰椎间盘突出症伴神经根病诊疗指南》，经过指南注册及指南计划书撰写、组建指南制订专家工作组及确定临床问题；参照证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价工作组相关方法进行检索文献的证据等级和推荐等级评定，形成推荐意见；经专家工作组三轮讨论，最终确定终稿。指南从腰椎间盘突出症的定义、自然病程、症状和体征、辅助检查、诊断标准、保守治疗、手术治疗、手术疗效评估、手术效果的影响因素等方面阐述了腰椎间盘突出症的诊疗措施，以期为腰椎间盘突出症的诊断和治疗提供可靠的临床理论依据。“,”Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common orthopaedic diseases. With the increasingly improvement of the diagnosis and treatment strategies of lumbar disc herniation, it is necessary to standardize the diagnosis and treatment procedures in lumbar disc herniation. Based on the principle of evidence-based medicine, the guideline was developed according to the Expert Consensus and Clinical Pathway of Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Lumbar Disc Herniation developed by Special Scientific Research Project of Medical Industry in 2013 and clinical guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy developed by North America Spine Society in 2013. After guideline registration, plan publication, expert working group development, clinical problem screening and determination, the authors systematically reviewed literatures from the data base of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Biology Medicine and PubMed. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the guideline included 119 literatures with 109 in English and 10 in Chinese. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation System was used to rate the quality of evidence and determined the strength of recommendations. Recommendations were derived from quality of evidence body. After three rounds of discussions in expert work group, clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation were finally developed. The guidelines defined the screening for definition, natural history, symptoms and signs, auxiliary examination, diagnostic criteria, conservative treatment, surgical treatment, evaluation of surgical effect and influencing factors of surgical effect. It can provide a reliable clinical basis for the diagnosis and treatment in lumbar disc herniation and can improve the prognosis of patients with lumbar disc herniation.