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岩爆受岩性、应力条件、开采条件等因素影响,发生机制极其复杂,而物理模拟试验研究岩爆具有独特优势。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,从岩爆物理模拟研究的试验仪器、相似材料、加载、开挖、支护和监测测量方法等方面,详细论述当前岩爆物理模拟研究存在的不足和未来的发展方向。主要得到以下结论:建立适合于岩爆的脆性相似判据并研制“低强度、高脆性”的相似材料,是岩爆物理模拟试验成功的基础;分别在理论上和试验方法上解决硬性结构面的相似性判别方法和制作工艺,是研究结构面型岩爆的关键;在保证加载的准确性和受力的均匀性基础上,研制大吨位的加载装置和可考虑复杂岩–机相互作用的TBM掘进机及钻爆法施工工艺,是研究不同岩爆影响因素的保证;开发能够与“硬岩”岩爆以开裂为主的典型变形破坏特征相适应的多元信息监测和测试系统,是成功解译岩爆孕育演化特征和规律的先决条件。研究结论将有助于改进岩爆的物理模拟试验研究现状,为建立岩爆风险的合理评估、准确预测及防控方法提供科学依据。
Rock burst is affected by lithology, stress conditions, mining conditions and other factors, the mechanism is extremely complicated, and physical simulation test of rock burst has unique advantages. On the basis of summarizing the research results of predecessors, this paper discusses in detail the shortcomings and future of physical simulation of rockburst from the aspects of testing instruments, similar materials, methods of loading, excavation, support and monitoring of rock burst physics simulation The direction of development. The main conclusions are as follows: The establishment of brittleness criteria for rockburst and the development of similar materials with low strength and high brittleness are the basis for the success of rockburst physics simulation tests. The theoretical and experimental methods are respectively used to solve the rigid The method of distinguishing structural surface similarity and its fabrication technology are the key points to study the rockburst of structural surface type. On the basis of ensuring the accuracy of loading and the uniformity of stress, it is necessary to develop a large tonnage loading device and consider the interaction between complex rock- The TBM boring machine and the drilling and blasting construction process are the guarantee to study the influence factors of different rockbursts. The development of multivariate information monitoring and testing that can adapt to the typical deformation and failure characteristics of the “hard rock” rock burst mainly by cracking System, is a prerequisite for the successful interpretation of the evolutionary characteristics and laws of rockburst ingenuity. The conclusion of the study will be helpful to improve the status quo of physical simulation test of rockburst and provide a scientific basis for establishing a reasonable assessment of rock burst risk, accurate prediction and prevention and control methods.