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空间关系是人们对客观事物在空间中的位置、方向、运动状态等的能动认知的必然结果。当人们在识解事物之间的空间关系时,习惯于以一事物为参照点从而确定另一事物的空间方位。本文运用Levinson的空间参照理论及Talmy的图形背景理论探讨空间关系及其语言表达。Levinson采用三分法来分析空间参照框架,是一个非凡的创举。他认为空间参照框架可分为:内在参照框架、相对参照框架、绝对参照框架。此外,人们在运用语言表达空间关系时,总是把参照物视为背景,把目的物视为图形,并根据参照物来确定目的物的空间位置。
Spatial relations are the inevitable result of people’s active cognition of the position, direction and movement of objective things in space. When people understand the spatial relationship between things, they are accustomed to using a thing as a reference point to determine the spatial orientation of another thing. This paper uses Levinson’s spatial reference theory and Talmy’s graphic background theory to explore the spatial relationship and its language expression. Levinson’s use of trichotomy to analyze spatial reference frames is an extraordinary initiative. He believes that the spatial reference frame can be divided into: the internal reference frame, the relative reference frame, the absolute reference frame. In addition, when using language to express spatial relations, people always consider the reference object as the background, the object object as the graphic, and determine the spatial position of the object object according to the reference object.