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虽然北京地区三千年前就出现了城镇文明,但是作为全国政治文化中心,则是从七百年前建立元大都时开始的。这七百年间北京地区发生过5次大规模的人口交流和文化交融:蒙族南下,入主中原;明王朝迁都北京;满族进关,入主中原;国民革命军北伐;解放军南下,新中国定都北京。即使在平时,在交通不便的封建时代,人员和文化的交流也很频繁,全国各地都有许多人晋京赶考,经商,谋官,议事;京都也
Although urban civilization emerged in Beijing three thousand years ago, it started as the nation’s political and cultural center from the founding of the Yuan capital seven hundred years ago. During these seven hundred years, five large-scale population exchanges and cultural exchanges took place in Beijing: the Mongols headed southwards and entered the Central Plains; the Ming Dynasty moved their capitals to Beijing; the Manchus entered the Central Plains and the Central Plains; the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army took off; Capital of Beijing. Even in peacetime, in the feudal era of inconvenient transportation, there were frequent exchanges of people and cultures. Many people in all parts of the country went to take exams, engage in business, seek official advice and discuss matters; Kyoto