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目的以河北省鼠疫疫源地常见鼠为对象,探讨DNA条形码技术在鼠类鉴定方面的可行性。方法 2012年在河北省鼠疫疫源地内采集鼠肝脏标本,并保存整只鼠,制作剥制标本,提取基因组DNA,用通用引物PCR法扩增线粒体COⅠ基因,并测序。将测序结果与GenBank中其他鼠类物种的DNA条形码进行BLAST比对,并构建分子进化树。结果 87份样本均能通过PCR扩增出特异性COⅠ基因条带,其中85份样本所构建的分子进化树结果与形态学鉴定结果一致,2份样本结果有差异,经反复鉴定头骨及形态标本,发现为现场鉴定错误。结论 DNA条形码技术能够对鼠类进行有效的物种鉴定,同时还可以探讨啮齿动物属、种分类单元的系统发育问题。
Objective To explore the feasibility of using DNA barcode technology in the identification of rodents. Methods Rat liver specimens were collected from plague foci of Hebei province in 2012 and the whole rat was preserved. The stripped specimens were prepared and the genomic DNA was extracted. The mitochondrial COI gene was amplified by universal primer PCR and sequenced. The sequencing results were compared with the DNA barcodes of other mouse species in GenBank by BLAST and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results The 87 COⅠ gene bands were amplified by PCR. Among 85 samples, the molecular phylogenetic tree was consistent with the morphological results. The results of the two samples were different. After repeated skull and morphological tests , Found to be on-site identification error. Conclusion DNA barcoding technology can identify effective species of rodents and phylogenetics of rodents genus and species.