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南大洋是全球面积最大的一个大洋。传统观点倾向于认为由于南大洋与北半球相距遥远而与北半球气候系统关系不大,其全球性气候效应也较弱,这主要是由于以往对南大洋的了解不足。随着观测分析、数值模拟与理论研究的加强,以及对南大洋的认识不断加深,南大洋的气候效应日益凸显。从南极底层水、南极绕极流、南大洋海冰、南大洋与热带之间的遥相关、以及南大洋对气候变化的响应等多个角度梳理了南大洋物理过程特别是动力过程在全球气候系统中的作用,较为完整地总结了对南大洋气候效应的已有认识,并结合南大洋研究现状对未来有价值的科学问题和潜在的研究热点进行了探讨,以期强调南大洋在全球气候系统中的重要地位,推动南大洋研究不断走向深入。
The South Ocean is the largest ocean in the world. The traditional view tends to be that since the southern ocean is far away from the northern hemisphere and has little to do with the climate system in the northern hemisphere, its global climatic effect is also weaker mainly due to its lack of understanding of the Southern Ocean in the past. With the observation and analysis, the strengthening of numerical simulation and theoretical research, and the deepening understanding of the Southern Ocean, the climate effects of the Southern Ocean have become increasingly prominent. From the perspectives of the Antarctic bottom water, the Antarctic polar current, the sea ice in the South China Sea, the teleconnection between the Southern Ocean and the tropics, and the response of the Southern Ocean to climate change, the physical processes in the Southern Ocean, especially the dynamic processes in the global climate System, this paper summarizes the existing understanding of the climate effects of the Southern Ocean more fully, and discusses the valuable scientific issues and potential research hot spots in the future with the research status of the Southern Ocean in order to emphasize the role of the Southern Ocean in the global climate system In the important position to promote the research of the South Ocean continues to deepen.