牛黄为牛科动物黄牛的胆囊结石。因其物稀价昂，历来掺伪作假者有之。笔者根据多年临床经验，对牛黄的真伪区别总结如下。牛黄真品表面金黄色或棕黄色，细腻而有光泽，体轻质松脆易碎，断面有自然形成的同心层纹。伪品外形与真品相似，但表面色浅黄而粗糙，体重，断面一般无层 Niuhuang is a gallstone of a bovine calf. Because of its thin and expensive prices, it has always been adulterated. Based on years of clinical experience, the author summarizes the differences between the authenticity of Niuhuang as follows. The authentic surface of Niuhuang is golden or brown yellow, delicate and shiny, and the body is light and crunchy and fragile. There are natural concentric layers on the cross section. The counterfeit product is similar in appearance to the authentic product, but the surface color is light yellow and rough, and the body weight is generally not layered.