下咽部是指会厌顶到环状软骨下缘这一范围,包括梨状窝、咽后壁下份和环后区。该处肿瘤症状隐匿,故在早期不易诊断。30年代以根治性切除为主,但术后出血和休克使死亡率很高,从而使镭锭和体外分区放射治疗风行一时。最近认为手术、放疗或“综合治疗”乃是主要治疗方案。Mayo 临床中心提出按肿瘤的分期,分化, The hypopharynx refers to the range from the epiglottis to the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage, including the pyriform sulcus, the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the posterior ring area. The symptoms of the tumor are hidden here, so it is not easy to diagnose early. In the 1930s, radical resection was the main method, but postoperative bleeding and shock resulted in high mortality, which made radium ingot and in vitro radiation therapy popular. Recently it was thought that surgery, radiotherapy or “comprehensive treatment” was the main treatment plan. Mayo Clinical Center proposes differentiation according to the stages of tumors.