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土壤是各种自然因素和人们生产活动综合影响下形成和发展的。不同的自然条件和生产方式,有不同的土壤发生。在进行土壤野外调查时,必须通过访问、观察和对已有资料的分析,了解当地的地形、地质、水文、气候等自然情况和水肥管理、耕作制度、土地利用方式、排灌条件等生产情况,研究这些情况可能对土壤的影响。同时,还必须把作物的种类、长相、产量与土壤剖面形态结合起来研究土壤的肥力状况和生产性能。这样,我们才能较全面地弄清土壤的性质及其对农业生产的影响,从而为创造高产稳产的土壤条件、为作物的布局和田间管理提出切合实际的措施。
Soil is formed and developed under the combined influence of various natural factors and people’s productive activities. Different natural conditions and modes of production have different soil occurrences. During the investigation of soil field, we must understand the natural conditions such as topography, geology, hydrology and climate, as well as the management of water and fertilizer management, farming system, land use patterns and irrigation and drainage conditions by visiting, observing and analyzing the existing data. Investigate the possible effects of these conditions on the soil. At the same time, it is also necessary to study the soil fertility status and production performance by combining crop type, appearance, yield and soil profile. In this way, we can more fully understand the nature of the soil and its impact on agricultural production, so as to create high and stable soil conditions for the crop layout and field management to put forward practical measures.