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结核分枝杆菌在人类生活中已有几十万年,但至今仍有很多人因感染该菌而死亡。结核病仍是目前威胁人类生命的重要疾病之一,亦是单病因所致的感染性疾病中死亡率较高的疾病。我国是全球结核病爆发的重要灾区,近年来出现的耐多药结核病菌和广泛耐药结核病菌成为全球疾病控制的一个主要威胁,而我国结核病疫情主要以耐药率高为主要特征,耐多药结核病的患者总人数位居全球第一。文章概述了结核分枝杆菌最新的检测方法及其耐药机制,对于指导结核病治疗、控制其传播及开发新型抗结核病药物具有重要意义。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been in human life for hundreds of thousands of years, but so far a large number of people still die of the infection. Tuberculosis is still one of the major diseases currently threatening human life and is also a disease with a high mortality rate among infectious diseases caused by single etiology. Our country is an important disaster area of the global tuberculosis outbreak. In recent years, MDR-TB and XDR-TB have become one of the main threats to disease control in the world. However, TB epidemic in our country is mainly characterized by high rate of resistance. The total number of TB patients ranks first in the world. The article summarizes the latest detection methods of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug resistance mechanism, which is of great significance for guiding TB treatment, controlling its spread and developing new anti-tuberculosis drugs.