一、引言在20世纪的大部分时期,企业的成功要素是规模、职责明确、专业化和控制,所以组织存在林林总总的因功能、地域、等级和专业而产生的边界。随着全球经济一体化、竞争的加剧以及消费者需求的多样化,速度、灵活性、整合与创新成为企业成功的关键因素。IBM、柯达和通用汽车等商界中令人敬畏的组织,因沉迷于旧的成功因素,成为“堕落天 I. INTRODUCTION In most of the twentieth century, the success factors of a firm are its scale, responsibilities, professionalism and control. Therefore, there are numerous boundaries that exist because of its extensive functions, geographies, grades, and specializations. With global economic integration, increased competition, and diversified consumer needs, speed, agility, consolidation and innovation are key elements of business success. Awesome organizations in the business world such as IBM, Kodak and General Motors have become the ”fallen days" by being addicted to old successes