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“复古”与“拟古”是明清雅文化的总体特征。其中兴之时,不仅辐射到明清诗文的拟古,更影响到明清学术发展方向。就乐舞而言,特别是雅乐,历代都存在“崇古”、“复古”、“拟古”的现象。但是在明清宫廷乐舞渐衰时期,却民间歌舞兴旺发展,戏曲如异军突起,理论方面也出现了崭新的气象。出现这一现象的原因及其之间的相互联系对于探究明清时期的乐舞和美学思想尤为重要,本文则着重论述“复古”思想对明清宫廷燕乐的影响。
“Retro ” and “Ancient ” is the overall characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties culture. During its rejuvenation, not only the ancient poetry that radiated to the Ming and Qing dynasties but also the direction of academic development in Ming and Qing dynasties. In terms of music and dance, especially in the ancient music, there exist the phenomenon of “Chong ancient”, “retro”, “ancient”. However, during the decline and decline of the court music and dance in the Ming and Qing dynasties, folk songs and dances flourished, and opera became a new force in theory. A new atmosphere appeared in theory. The reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon and the interrelationships between them are particularly important for exploring music and aesthetics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This article focuses on the influence of “Retro ” thought on the court music of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.