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为减小煤矿粉尘给从业人员带来的健康损害和经济损失,以生命周期评价(LCA)理论为基础,结合环境卫生学、病理学的相关内容研究损害和损失评价方法。首先对煤矿生命周期进行单元分解,然后收集各阶段粉尘的清单数据。将粉尘健康损害归入呼吸系统疾病类型指标。采用伤残调整寿命年(DALY)作为量化指标,构建粉尘与量化指标之间的评价模型,进行货币化分析,最终提出综合量化值的评价方法。结果表明,LCA理论可用于煤矿全生命周期粉尘健康损害评价,实现对煤矿全生命周期粉尘造成的健康损害程度的定量分析,为煤矿职业健康管理提供决策依据。
In order to reduce the health damage and economic loss caused by coal mine dust to practitioners, the damage and loss evaluation methods are studied based on LCA theory and environmental sanitation and pathology. First of all, coal mine life cycle unit decomposition, and then collect dust inventory data for each stage. Dust health damage is classified as a type of respiratory disease. The disability adjustment life year (DALY) is used as a quantitative index to build an evaluation model between dust and quantitative indicators, and a monetization analysis is conducted. Finally, an evaluation method of comprehensive quantitative values is proposed. The results show that LCA theory can be used to evaluate the health damage of dust in the whole life cycle of coal mines and to quantitatively analyze the degree of health damage caused by dust in the whole life cycle of coal mines and provide decision-making basis for the occupational health management of coal mines.