关于合金材料的本征韧脆特性机理,究竟主要是原子尺寸因素,还是电子结构因素,长期以来有争论。为什么有些合金晶体结构相同且晶格常数相近,而在相同温度条件下韧性差别很大?显然不能仅用晶格类型和滑移系的多少来解释,而必须考虑原子间的结合性质。对于NiAl和TiAl等高温合金材料,这一争论更为突出。由于很难在保持单相均匀结构的前提下通过成分微调来改变其韧脆特性,使得合金韧脆特性的本源问题一直没有明确的结论。有趣的是,非晶合金(又称金属玻璃)可以通过成分微调在不改变其无序结构特性的前提下显著改变其韧性大小,这为通过 The intrinsic mechanism of brittleness and ductility of alloy materials, whether it is mainly the atomic size factors, or electronic structure factors, has long been controversial. Why do some alloys have the same crystal structure and similar lattice constants, but the toughness varies greatly at the same temperature? Obviously, it can not be explained solely by the lattice type and slip system, but the binding properties between atoms must be considered. This debate is even more pronounced with high temperature alloys such as NiAl and TiAl. Because it is difficult to maintain the single-phase structure under the premise of fine-tuning through the composition to change its toughness and brittle characteristics, making the alloy toughness and ductility of the underlying problem has been no clear conclusion. Interestingly, amorphous alloys (also known as metallic glass) can be fine-tuned by the composition without changing its disordered structure under the premise of a significant change in the size of its toughness, which is through