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以大豆品种黑农48为试验材料,采用砂培盆栽法,通过在大豆生育期间淋浇不同磷素水平的营养液,研究了施磷素水平对大豆植株光合作用及产量的影响。结果表明:随着大豆的生长CO_2的吸收速率、叶面积、光合速率逐渐增大,CO_2的吸收速率和光合速率基本在R5时期达到最大值,之后趋于逐渐下降的趋势,呈现单峰曲线变化。CO_2的吸收速率、叶面积随着磷素营养水平的增加逐渐增大,但当磷素营养水平达到21 mg·L~(-1)时,再提高磷素水平对其已无明显作用。低磷胁迫(P1处理)大豆生育中前期的光合速率明显降低,低磷胁迫后再供给较高的磷素营养对大豆光合速率有一定的激活效应,使光合速率增大。大豆株高、粒数、节数和产量都随着磷素营养水平的上升呈现逐渐增高的趋势,当磷素营养水平达到21 mg·L~(-1)时,再增加磷素营养对大豆株高和产量已无影响。低磷胁迫后再供给较高的磷素营养水平对大豆产量有一定的恢复作用。在营养生长阶段,如果缺磷极易减产,低磷胁迫时间越长产量越低。
Using soybean cultivar Heinong 48 as experimental materials, the effect of applying phosphorus fertilizer on the photosynthesis and yield of soybean plants was studied by means of sand culture and pot culture. The nutrient solution with different levels of phosphorus was poured during soybean growth. The results showed that the leaf area and photosynthetic rate increased with the growth of CO 2, and the absorption rate and photosynthetic rate of CO 2 reached the maximum at R5 and then decreased gradually, showing a single peak curve . The absorption rate and leaf area of CO 2 gradually increased with the increase of phosphorus nutrition level. However, when phosphorus nutrition level reached 21 mg · L -1, the increase of phosphorus level had no obvious effect on it. Under low P stress (P1 treatment), the photosynthetic rate of early stage of soybean significantly decreased, and the higher P nutrition provided a certain activation effect on the photosynthetic rate of soybean and the photosynthetic rate increased after low P stress. Soybean plant height, grain number, number of sections and yield all showed a gradual increase trend with the increase of phosphorus nutrition level. When the phosphorus nutrition level reached 21 mg · L -1, Plant height and yield have no effect. After phosphorus deficiency, higher levels of phosphorus nutrition were supplied to restore the yield of soybean. During the vegetative growth phase, if phosphorus deficiency can be easily reduced, the longer the phosphorus deficiency stress is, the lower the yield will be.