港南区2012—2014年预防接种异常反应分析

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目的分析港南区2012—2014年预防接种异常反应情况,为实施安全接种提供科学依据。方法从中国免疫规划监测信息管理系统导出港南区2012年1月—2014年12月报告的疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)信息,采用描述性流行病学方法对AEFI相关指标进行分析。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果港南区2012—2014年共报告AEFI 81例,其中一般反应60例(74.07%),异常反应18例(22.22%),偶合症2例(2.47%),心因性反应1例(1.23%)。AEFI发生涉及19种疫苗,总反应发生率为9.60/10万,一般反应发生率为7.11/10万,异常反应发生率为2.13/10万。一般反应中以发热、红肿、硬结为主58例(71.60%);异常反应中,过敏性皮疹9例、卡介苗淋巴结炎8例,分别占11.11%和9.88%。2岁以下儿童59例,占72.84%。预防接种后1 d内发生异常反应63例(77.78%)。结论应逐步提高医务人员对AEFI的认识,规范疫苗管理、正确掌握接种技术、严格掌握疫苗禁忌证、加强监测等可减少接种后AEFI的发生。 Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of vaccination in Gangnam District from 2012 to 2014 and provide a scientific basis for safe vaccination. Methods The information of suspected AEFI reported in Gangnam District from January 2012 to December 2014 was derived from China’s immunization program monitoring information management system. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the AEFI-related indicators analysis. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results A total of 81 AEFI cases were reported from 2012 to 2014 in Gangnam district, including 60 cases (74.07%) of which were general reactions, 18 cases (22.22%) were abnormal reactions, 2 cases (2.47%) were coupled diseases and 1 case (1.23% ). AEFI occurred in 19 kinds of vaccines, the total response rate was 9.60 / 100,000, the general reaction rate was 7.11 / 100,000, the incidence of abnormal reaction was 2.13 / 100,000. In the general reaction, 58 cases (71.60%) were mainly fever, inflamed and indurated. In the abnormal reaction, 9 cases were allergic rash and 8 cases were BCG-lymphadenitis, accounting for 11.11% and 9.88% respectively. 59 children under the age of 2, accounting for 72.84%. There were 63 cases (77.78%) of abnormal reaction within 1 d after vaccination. Conclusion AEFI should be gradually improved and medical personnel should be aware of vaccines, proper vaccination techniques, strict control of vaccine contraindications, and intensified monitoring to reduce the occurrence of AEFI after vaccination.
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