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漫顶是土坝溃决的主要原因。利用原体试验土坝(坝高9.7 m),应用渗流压力、水分、测斜、分布式光缆等传感器及数据采集系统,开展了漫顶溃决试验工程性态测试研究,获取了试验坝填筑、分阶段蓄水和溃决过程的渗流、温度和变形的测试数据及变化特征。测试结果分析表明:坝体渗流压力与库水位明显相关,坝体含水率灵敏性比渗流压力灵敏性快;坝体水平位移由向上游逐渐向下游发展,坝体最大倾度2.242°,坝顶表面最大沉降率为5.21%。测试结果为土坝灾变机理研究及溃坝早期预警提供基础数据。
The top is the main reason for the earth dam collapse. Using the original test earth dam (dam height of 9.7 m), the authors used the sensors such as seepage pressure, moisture, inclinometer, distributed optical fiber cable and data acquisition system to carry out the research on the state of overburst test project, , The test data and the variation characteristics of seepage, temperature and deformation in the process of staged water storage and breakup. The test results show that the seepage pressure of the dam is obviously related to the reservoir water level, and the sensitivity of the dam water content is more sensitive than the seepage pressure. The horizontal displacement of the dam gradually develops from upstream to downstream, the maximum inclination of the dam is 2.242 °, The maximum surface sedimentation rate was 5.21%. The test results provide the basic data for the research on the catastrophic mechanism of earth dam and the early warning of dam break.