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目的:了解浙江省农村户厕建造、使用管理情况,评估无害化处理效果,为指导农村改厕提供依据。方法:2008-2010年选择中央农村改厕项目县(市、区),按国家有关标准开展现场调查和无害化效果监测。结果:三格式化粪池厕所卫生学指标达标率为79.77%～100%,污染物指标达标率为21.10%～36.91%;采用统一施工、参数规范、定期清掏的化粪池无害化处理效果较好;后续生活污水处理的污染物指标达标率为37.61%～86.89%,去除率为46.01%～80.64%。结论:三格式化粪池对粪便中微生物处理效果值得肯定,但对污染物去除效果不理想的卫生学指标,应加强三格式化粪池的参数设计、施工工艺、建造质量和后期管理,提高无害化处理效果;探索推广农村改厕与庭院生活污水联合处理模式,提高有机物处理水平,保护农村生态环境。
Objective: To understand the construction of rural households in Zhejiang Province, the use of management, assess the effectiveness of harmless treatment, to provide the basis for guiding rural toilets. Methods: From 2008 to 2010, select the central rural lavatory project counties (cities and districts) and carry out on-site investigation and harmless effect monitoring according to relevant national standards. Results: The compliance rate of sanitation septic tank toilets was 79.77% -100% and the compliance rate of pollutant index was 21.10% -36.91%. The septic tank was innocuous with unified construction and parameter specification The effect is better; the follow-up standard of pollutant index of domestic sewage treatment is 37.61% ~ 86.89% and the removal rate is 46.01% ~ 80.64%. CONCLUSIONS: The three-format septic tank has a positive effect on the microbial treatment in the feces. However, the hygienic indicators for the removal of pollutants are not satisfactory. Therefore, the parameter design, construction technology, construction quality and post-management of the three-format septic tank should be strengthened Harmless treatment effect; Explore the promotion of rural toilet and courtyard sewage treatment of joint treatment, improve the level of organic matter handling, protection of rural ecological environment.