一、前言目前,我国生产稀土中间合金的骨干工艺流程为电硅热法[1～2]。该工艺是以中贫铁矿稀土富渣为原料(或用稀土精矿渣,或两种渣的混合物),石灰为熔剂,75%硅铁为还原剂,在电弧炉中进行冶炼生产的。其生产工艺虽经多年实践,不断地改革完善,但仍有许多问题尚待解决。主要有: I. Preface At present, the backbone process of producing rare earth master alloys in China is electric silicon thermal method [1 ~ 2]. The process is based on rare earth rich slag as raw material (or rare earth concentrate slag, or a mixture of two kinds of slag), lime as a flux, 75% ferrosilicon as a reducing agent, smelting in an electric arc furnace. Although its production process after years of practice, continue to reform and perfect, but there are still many problems to be solved. There are: