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茶碱属甲基黄嘌呤类药物,为一种天然的生物碱,多年来在治疗可逆性气道阻塞方面发挥了重要作用.然而,茶碱有效治疗的剂量范围较小,而且极易发生严重的副作用(如头痛,失眠,神经紧张,噁心,呕吐,低血压,心律失常和惊厥等),因而在临床应用上受到一定的限制.合理应用茶碱目的在于使该药既能发挥其最大治疗效能,又能避免严重的毒副反应发生。因此,首先必须了解茶碱的药代动力学和药效学的效能,以便能更好地掌握用药指征,如何选择制剂和调整用药剂量.一、制剂临床应用的茶碱制剂很多,大体可分为无水复合物和盐类两种.常用的作为支气管扩张剂的主要盐类制剂有氨茶碱(二乙胺茶碱
Theophylline, a methylxanthine, is a natural alkaloid that has played an important role over the years in the treatment of reversible airway obstruction, however, the theophylline has been effective in treating small doses and can be extremely prone (Such as headache, insomnia, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, arrhythmias and convulsions, etc.), and thus in clinical application subject to certain restrictions.The rational use of theophylline aims to make the drug can both play its maximum treatment Efficacy, but also to avoid serious side effects. Therefore, we must first understand the theophylline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to better grasp the indications for medication, how to choose the preparation and adjust the dosage.A theophylline preparations for clinical application of many, generally Divided into anhydrous complexes and salts of 2. Commonly used as a bronchodilator main salt formulations aminophylline (diethylamine theophylline