宋代的沈括在《梦溪笔谈》里提到过一次亲历观察洪水的经验。他看到洪峰汹涌,奔腾而来,忽然涌进一座废城就停滞不前了。废城因为地势低洼,居民早已迁移他处。洪峰来到,轰然注入城中,如同进入一个早已准备好的蓄水池。沈括看见了,便想到了蓄洪,用今天的术语,就是用蓄洪湖来分散洪水的强大破坏力。在《历代散文选注》上有节录《石油》的一段文字,沈括是这样讲的:“鄜(fū,古县名,在今陕西延安地区)县内 Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty mentioned the experience of observing floods in ”Meng Xi Bi Tan Tan“. He saw the turbulence, Pentium, suddenly poured into a waste city on the stagnant. Because of the low lying waste city, residents have already moved elsewhere. Flood peak came, crashing into the city, as into a ready reservoir. When Shen Kuo saw it, he thought of flood storage. In today’s jargon, it is using flood storage lakes to disperse the powerful destructive power of the flood. There is an excerpt from ”Oil“ in the ”Selected Essays of Past Dynasties,“ in which Shen Kuo states: ”鄜 (fū, ancient county name, now in the Yan’an area of ​​Shaanxi Province)