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草石蚕(Stachys sieboldii Miq.)是我国的特产蔬菜之一.病毒侵染是引起草石蚕种性退化的主要原因.经血清学和电镜鉴定,北京地区的草石蚕至少受到三种病毒感染,即苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和另一种不知名的长线条形病毒.为了恢复草石蚕原有的种性,采用茎尖分生组织培养技术成功地获得了脱病毒植株.用试管苗茎段扦插法离体快速繁殖优良脱毒母株,理论上年繁殖率可达5,000万倍以上.离体贮存试验表明,可将脱毒母株在23±2℃的培养室内离体保存8—9个月.1985年小面积试种结果:脱毒系每公顷产31.15吨,块茎单重4.16克,分别比罹毒母系增加1.7倍和1.2倍.块茎营养分析表明,脱毒系粗蛋白含量达21.62%,较罹病毒系高39.57%,氨基酸总含量平均增加30%以上.本文最后还讨论了草石蚕组培脱毒技术的应用问题.
Stachys sieboldii Miq. Is one of the specialty vegetables in our country.Virus infestation is the main cause of the degenerative of stoneworm.According to the serological and electronmicroscopic examination, the stoneworm in Beijing is affected by at least three viruses Infection, namely alveolar mosaic virus (AMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and another unknown long-line form of virus.In order to restore the original species of stoneworm, the use of shoot apical meristem culture technology successfully To obtain the virus-free plants with tube seedlings cuttings ex vivo rapid propagation of excellent virus-free mother strains, the theoretical annual reproduction rate of up to 50 million times more than the ex-vivo storage tests show that the detoxification of mother plants in 23 ± 2 ℃ culture room stored in vitro for 8-9 months in 1985 small-scale test results: detoxification of 31.15 tons per hectare, tuber 4.16 grams, respectively, than the increase of virulent maternal 1.7 times and 1.2 times. Tuber nutrition analysis showed that the content of crude protein in detoxification lines reached 21.62%, which was 39.57% higher than that of virus lines, and the total content of amino acids increased by more than 30% .This paper also discussed the application of tissue culture and detoxification techniques.