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目的分析广州市2002年登革热疫情流行病学特征,为今后登革热预防控制提供依据。方法在全市建立和完善登革热疫情报告、监测和媒介监测网络;访视报告的每个病例或可疑病例,并在疫点周围展开病例搜索;采集登革热病例、疑似病例、疫点部分人群血作血清学或病原学检测;对非疫点、疫点蚊媒进行调查。结果广州市2002年共报告登革热病例1423例,发病率为20.14/10万,无死亡病例。疫情以城市居民区为主,随后向城郊、农村扩散,最后涉及全市12个区、县级市,共102个行政街(镇)。以街(镇)为单位计算,最高的发病率达212.4/10万。流行季节为5月中旬～11月下旬,高峰为7～9月;3～12月份全市平均布雷图指数为5.0～19.8;病毒为登革Ⅰ型;潜伏期为2～8d;爆发疫点人群隐性感染率达17%;各年龄组人群均易感,但低年龄组发病率略低。结论2002年广州市发生登革热大流行,其持续时间、波及范围为广州市历史之最,总体流行态势处于半自然状态。早期病例未及时诊断,疫情发现迟,疫情控制不力是疫情扩散的主要原因。广州市存在有利登革热流行的自然、社会因素;近3年连续流行同一型别病毒,登革热是否有本地化趋势应密切关注。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Guangzhou in 2002 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of dengue in the future. Methods Establish and improve dengue fever epidemic reporting, monitoring and media monitoring network in the whole city; Visit each case or suspected case of dengue fever, and conduct case searching around the epidemic area; Collect dengue fever cases, suspected cases, School or pathogen detection; investigation of non-epidemic point, epidemic point mosquito vector. Results A total of 1423 cases of dengue fever were reported in Guangzhou in 2002, with a morbidity of 20.14 / 100 000 and no deaths. The outbreak was dominated by urban residential areas, then spread to the suburbs and rural areas, finally involving 12 administrative districts (towns) in 12 districts and county-level cities in the city. Street (town) as a unit, the highest incidence of 212.4 / 100000. The epidemic season from mid-May to late November, the peak for the July-September; 3 to December the city’s average Bretto index 5.0 to 19.8; virus Dengue type I; incubation period of 2 ~ 8d; Sexually transmitted infections rate of 17%; all age groups were susceptible, but the incidence of lower age group slightly lower. Conclusion The dengue fever epidemic occurred in Guangzhou City in 2002, its duration and scope were the highest in Guangzhou history. The general epidemic situation was in a semi-natural state. Early cases were not diagnosed in time, the epidemic was found late, the poor control of the epidemic is the main reason for the spread of the epidemic. There is a natural and social factor conducive to the prevalence of dengue in Guangzhou City. For the past three consecutive years, the same type of virus is continuously circulating. Whether dengue fever should be localized should be closely monitored.