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本文将对欧洲金属古物保存的历史和特点作一概括地研究,并略述器物从“修理”到“修复”的演化过程。“修理”可用文字证明出现在史前时代,而“修复”则主要属于收藏家和收藏品,且不论这些藏品是个人拥有的,还是属于博物馆的。文章中还要提到19世纪和20世纪早期的一些人物,以及1939年以前在欧洲发表的有关金属器物保存的一些重要书目。文章的第二部分将对20世纪末期金属文物保护工作者仍面临的一些问题进行讨论。特别是“活泼”金属器物的稳定,露天雕塑品的保存,近代金属器物的保存,以及锈蚀层的防腐根据等将被重点讨论。
This article will give a general overview of the history and characteristics of the preservation of European metal antiquities and outline the evolution of artifacts from “repair” to “repair”. The available textual evidence of “repairs” appeared in prehistoric times, while the “fixes” mainly belonged to collectors and collectibles, whether owned individually or in museums. Mention is also made of figures from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as some important bibliographies on the preservation of metallic objects published in Europe before 1939. The second part of the article will discuss some of the issues still facing workers in the protection of metal artefacts in the late 20th century. In particular, the stability of the “lively” metal objects, the preservation of open-air sculpture, the preservation of modern metal objects, and the corrosion protection of the rust layer will be discussed.