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目的:比较生后给予不同剂量地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)对大鼠肺组织形态发育的影响。方法:120只新生大鼠随机平均分为3组。小剂量DEX组:生后第5天起连续5天腹腔注射DEX0.2mg/(kg·d)。大剂量DEX组:生后第5天起连续5天腹腔注射DEX0.5mg/(kg·d)。生理盐水组:生后第5天起连续5天腹腔注射等量生理盐水。各组大鼠分别在生后第10、14、21、45天随机选取10只处死,分离肺组织,通过光镜观察,分析比较各组用药对肺形态发育的影响。结果:两DEX治疗组在生后各时间点每视野肺泡计数均低于生理盐水组(P﹤0.01),平均肺泡表面积均高于生理盐水组(P﹤0.05)。两DEX治疗组平均肺泡间隔厚度在生后第10、14天均低于生理盐水组(P﹤0.01),在生后第21天均高于生理盐水组(P﹤0.05)。结论:生后给DEX能显著促进肺部早期发育,但随着给药剂量的增多,肺泡化受阻现象逐渐明显,最终导致肺泡大而少的“气肿样”改变出现,其影响可持续至成年。
Objective: To compare the effect of different doses of dexamethasone (DEX) on the morphology of rat lung after birth. Methods: 120 newborn rats were randomly divided into three groups. Low-dose DEX group: DEX0.2mg / (kg · d) was injected intraperitoneally on the fifth day after birth. High-dose DEX group: DEX0.5mg / (kg · d) was injected intraperitoneally for 5 days after birth on the 5th day after birth. Physiological saline group: The fifth day after birth, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of saline for 5 consecutive days. The rats in each group were randomly selected on the 10th, 14th, 21st and 45th days after birth to sacrifice and separate the lung tissue. The light microscope was used to analyze the effects of different drugs on the development of lung morphology. Results: The alveolar count per visual field of two DEX groups was lower than that of saline group at each time point (P <0.01), and the average alveolar surface area was higher than that of saline group (P <0.05). The average thickness of alveolar septum in the two DEX treatment groups was lower than that of the saline group on the 10th and 14th day after birth (P <0.01), and higher than that of the saline group on the 21st day after birth (P <0.05). Conclusion: After birth, DEX can significantly promote the early development of the lungs. However, with the increase of the dosage, the obstruction of the alveoli gradually becomes obvious, which eventually leads to the appearance of large and small “emphysema” changes in the alveoli. Continues to adulthood.