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战国时期,既有规范及其精神基础崩解,孟子在孔子“仁学”基础上建立了以仁为本的道德体系,主张普及道德信仰以维护社会秩序。在孟子视界中,道德信仰的生成逻辑体现在道德形而上学的建构中,“尽心知性以知天”规定了道德信仰是理性生命活动的重要内容。孟子又赋予道德信仰形而下的意义,主张社会人伦提供了培育道德信仰的具体情境,要求行为主体以践行人伦规范的方式来显现道德信仰与道德情感,从而有效调整社会运行秩序。孟子仁政说强化统治者在推行道德信仰中的功能,期望国家权力给建立道德信仰以制度上的保障。
During the Warring States period, both the norms and their spiritual bases collapsed. Mencius set up a benevolent moral system based on Confucius “Benevolence ” and advocated the popularization of moral beliefs so as to maintain social order. In the vision of Mencius, the logic of the formation of moral belief is embodied in the construction of moral metaphysics, which states that moral belief is an important part of rational life activities. Mencius also gave the metaphysical significance of moral beliefs, advocating that social beings provide the concrete conditions for cultivating moral beliefs, and requiring actors to manifest their moral beliefs and moral feelings in a way of practicing the ethical norms, so as to effectively adjust social order. Mencius’s benevolent government emphasized that the rulers should strengthen their functions in promoting moral beliefs and expect state power to establish institutional guarantees of moral beliefs.