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先秦诸子都对语言问题倍加关注,致使语言哲学成为先秦的“显学”。一方面,各家对语言的认定并不相同,形成了三个主要流派,即孔子代表的德行派、老庄代表的本体派和由墨子、名家、法家、荀子组成的逻辑派。另一方面,三派的观点具有共同特征:第一,注重名实关系,具有浓郁的正名情结;第二,对语言持否定、谨慎态度,乃至“无言”成为共同结局。先秦语言哲学的共同特征体现并浓缩了中国古代哲学、传统文化的伦理本位和人文情怀,归根结蒂是为了道德的完善和正名的需要。
The pre-Qin philosophers paid more attention to the language problems, resulting in the philosophy of language becoming pre-Qin “significant study ”. On the one hand, each language has its own cognizance, forming three major genres, that is, the moralist group represented by Confucius, the ontological school represented by Lao-Zhuang, and the logic group composed of Mozi, Mingjia, Legalists and Xunzi. On the other hand, the three schools of thought share common characteristics: firstly, they pay attention to the relationship between name and reality and have a strong rectification of their names; secondly, they hold the same ending with their denial of language, their cautious attitude, and even their silent speech. The common features of language philosophy of Pre-Qin embodies and condense the ethical standard and humane feelings of ancient Chinese philosophy and traditional culture. In the final analysis, it is for the improvement of morality and the need of proper name.