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儒佛关系是宋明理学中一种最重要的关系。不理解儒佛关系,就无法真正理解宋明理学的崛起。因而理学家的思想创造,不仅表现在其对先秦儒学的继承与诠释上,同时也表现在其对佛老的批评中。在这方面,张载与罗钦顺可以说是宋明理学中两种不同反佛侧重的典型代表。张载主要立足于人生价值观角度的反佛,因而他可以尽量吸取佛教的超越性智慧;罗钦顺则主要是从名相概念到理论方法层面的反佛,所以其反佛往往也就成为一种简单的外在排拒了。这两种不同的反佛侧重,不仅表现了理学发展中的宋明之别,而且也促成了清代汉学的形成与所谓汉宋之学的对立;直到今天,这两种不同的反佛侧重仍然决定着人们对宋明理学不同的研究进路。
Confucianism and Buddhism is one of the most important relations in Neo-Confucianism. Without understanding the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism, we can not truly understand the rise of Neo-Confucianism. Therefore, the rationalist creation of Neo-Confucianism is not only reflected in its inheritance and interpretation of pre-Qin Confucianism, but also in its criticism of Buddhism. In this respect, Zhang Zai and Luo Qin-Shun can be said to be typical representatives of two different anti-Buddhistic attitudes in Neo-Confucianism. Zhang Zai mainly resists Buddhism based on the perspective of life values, so that he can try to learn the transcendental wisdom of Buddhism. Luo Qin-shun mainly reverts to Buddhism from the notion of nominality to the theoretical method, so his anti-Buddhism tends to become a simple Externally excluded. These two different reflections on Buddhism not only show the distinction between Song and Ming in the development of Neo-Confucianism, but also lead to the opposition between the formation of the Han Dynasty and the so-called Han and Song Dynasties in Qing Dynasty. Until now, these two different reflections on the Buddha still determine the Different Approaches to the Studies of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties.