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加拿大自1996年量刑改革以来,主要在量刑方面积极推进恢复性司法的制度化。尽管已正式确认把补偿和承认对被害人的伤害作为量刑目的,但只有较少证据表明量刑中的恢复性司法手段为犯罪被害人带来了实实在在的利益。主要原因是量刑程序的结构性限制,而不是理论研究不足或是对确认恢复性司法作为犯罪替代措施的可能性认识不足。对原住民罪犯关押比例过高问题的关注,是加拿大恢复性司法制度化的首要推动因素,但已有证据表明,恢复性量刑改革在加拿大并没有降低原住民犯罪的过高比例。此外,试图将原住民社区司法举措塑造成恢复性司法模式的尝试,可能会威胁到这些举措,而且可能难以惠及那些最弱势的犯罪者。
Since the sentencing reform in 1996, Canada has actively promoted the institutionalization of restorative justice mainly in terms of sentencing. Although compensation and recognition of the victim’s injury have been formally recognized as a measure of imposition, there is less evidence that restorative justice in sentencing has brought tangible benefits to victims of crime. The main reason is the structural limitations of the sentencing process, not the lack of theoretical research or the lack of recognition of the possibility of restorative justice as a criminal alternative. Concerns over the high proportion of indigenous detainees are a primary contributor to the institutionalization of restorative justice in Canada, but there is evidence that restorative sentencing reform in Canada does not reduce the excessive proportion of aboriginal crimes. In addition, attempts to shape indigenous community justice initiatives as restorative justice models may threaten these initiatives and may not reach the most vulnerable offenders.