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目的了解昆明市居民生活行为及饮食习惯现状,为健康教育工作提供基础素材。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,通过问卷调查获取相关资料,共收集有效问卷11 328份,调查内容包括基本情况、饮食习惯和生活行为方式等。应用描述性分析、χ~2检验进行统计学分析。结果昆明市居民被动吸烟率为30.78%,吸烟率为27.34%(吸烟量20支/d及以上占31.22%),饮酒率为18.28%(危险饮酒和有害饮酒率分别为3.31%、3.19%),体育锻炼构成比为27.19%;较高比例居民每天就餐2餐,居民水产品、蛋类、豆及豆制品、甜食、酱菜类食用频率均以1~2次/周比例最高,奶及奶制品以基本不吃所占比例最高。结论昆明市居民饮食结构及食用频率不够合理,应开展健康教育,倡导健康的生活行为及饮食习惯能以预防多种疾病的发生发展,延长寿命。
Objective To understand the living behaviors and dietary habits of residents in Kunming and to provide the basic materials for health education. Methods The multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to obtain relevant information through questionnaire survey. A total of 11 328 valid questionnaires were collected. The survey included basic information, dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors. Descriptive analysis, χ ~ 2 test for statistical analysis. Results The rate of passive smoking among residents in Kunming was 30.78%, the rate of smoking was 27.34% (20 cigarettes per day and above accounted for 31.22%), and the drinking rate was 18.28% (dangerous drinking and harmful drinking were 3.31% and 3.19% respectively) , While the proportion of physical exercise constituted 27.19%. A higher proportion of residents drank 2 meals a day. The residents’ aquatic products, eggs, beans and soy products, sweets and pickles had the highest frequency of 1 ~ 2 times per week, with milk and milk Products do not eat the basic proportion of the highest. Conclusion Kunming residents diet structure and eating frequency is not reasonable enough, should carry out health education, promote healthy life behavior and eating habits can prevent the occurrence of a variety of diseases, prolong life.