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位于祖国西北内陆的西夏国中、东距大海近两千公里,冬天是西北干寒季风的冲击方向,夏天是东南温湿季风的末稍地区,这样就造成其大陆性气候。降水量稀少且集中于夏季,当代年降水量由西往东只有39—400毫米。而年蒸发量在2000—600毫米。因此,除横山至天都山山界外,其余大部分地区属中湿温带里的干旱荒漠地带、地貌以干旱剥蚀和风蚀为主,如果没有灌溉就没有稳定的农业,西夏文字典《文海》明确释“农”字为“农耕灌溉之谓”。本文试就西夏农田水利的基本情况,管理系统及机制等问题作一初步探讨,不妥之处,敬请专家批评指正。
Located in the northwest inland of the motherland, the Xixia Middle Kingdom is nearly 2,000 kilometers away from the sea in the east. In the winter, it is the direction of the northwestern monsoonal winds. In the summer, it is the end zone of the southeastern monsoon and warm monsoon, which causes its continental climate. Precipitation is scarce and concentrated in the summer. The current annual precipitation is only 39-400 mm from west to east. The annual evaporation is 2000-600 mm. Therefore, with the exception of Hengshan to Tiandushan mountain boundary, most of the rest of the area belongs to the arid desert zone in the mid-humid temperate zone. The landform is dominated by drought erosion and wind erosion. If there is no irrigation, there is no stable agriculture. The Xixia dictionary “Wenhai” expressly states “ The word “agriculture” means “agricultural irrigation.” This article tries to make a preliminary discussion on the basic conditions, management systems and mechanisms of the irrigation and water conservancy projects in the Western Xia, and it is inappropriate to invite experts to criticize and correct me.