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一、巨细胞病毒(CMV)的传播与感染方式CMV可经唾液、尿、子宫颈分泌物、母乳、精液、泪液及粪便排出,并可潜伏于血液及肾脏等组织中,这些均可成为感染源引起外因性感染。CMV可通过口腔、生殖器及胎盘,男性同性恋亦可通过肛门感染,此外,输血及器官移植可致医源性感染。潜伏于体内的CMV可因免疫不全及同种免疫反应而被激活(周期性感染)致内因性感染。从感染源看CMV感染可分为外因性及内因性感染,从传播方式看可分为水平感染与垂直感染,从时间上看可分为先天性与后天性感染。
First, CMV transmission and infection CMV by saliva, urine, cervical secretions, breast milk, semen, tears and excretion, and can be latent in the blood and kidneys and other tissues, which can become infected Source causes exogenous infection. CMV can be through the mouth, genitals and placenta, gay men can also be infected through the anus, in addition, blood transfusion and organ transplantation can cause iatrogenic infection. Latent CMV in vivo can be activated due to immunodeficiency and alloimmune reactions (cyclical infection) caused by internal infection. CMV infection from the source of infection can be divided into exogenous and internal infection, from the mode of transmission can be divided into horizontal infection and vertical infection, from the time point of view can be divided into congenital and acquired infection.