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目的探讨气管切开时机对重度颅脑损伤患者肺部感染的影响。方法选取2015年5月—2016年8月十堰市东风汽车公司花果医院收治的重型颅脑损伤患者98例,根据气管切开时机分为对照组和观察组,每组49例。两组患者均给予常规治疗并行颅脑创伤术,对照组患者若未确诊肺部感染则不行气管切开术,观察组患者于颅脑创伤术后24 h内行气管切开术。比较两组患者术后肺部感染发生率、感染控制率、感染控制时间及肺部感染病死率。结果观察组患者术后肺部感染发生率低于对照组,感染控制率高于对照组,感染控制时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者肺部感染病死率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论于颅脑创伤术后24 h内行气管切开能有效防止重度颅脑损伤患者术后肺部感染的发生,提高感染控制率,缩短感染控制时间,降低肺部感染病死率。
Objective To investigate the effect of tracheotomy timing on lung infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods From May 2015 to August 2016, 98 cases of severe craniocerebral injury patients admitted to Huaguo Hospital of Dongfeng Motor Company in Shiyan were divided into control group and observation group according to the tracheotomy time. Each group included 49 cases. Both groups were given routine treatment of traumatic brain injury, while patients in the control group were not tracheotomy if they were not diagnosed with pulmonary infection. Patients in the observation group underwent tracheotomy 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection, infection control rate, infection control time and lung infection mortality were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the infection control rate was higher than that in the control group. The infection control time was shorter than that in the control group (P <0.05). The mortality of lung infection in observation group was lower than that in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Tracheotomy can effectively prevent postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, improve infection control rate, shorten the infection control time and reduce the mortality rate of pulmonary infection.