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运动员退役安置直接影响到我国竞技体育的可持续发展和社会的和谐稳定。尽管国家出台了系列运动员保障政策,其效果却不甚理想,邹春兰、艾冬梅及张尚武事件频发,严重影响了我国的竞技体育形象。通过文献资料法、数理统计法等方法,从目标管理理论视角对我国运动员保障政策的发展演变及实施效果进行了梳理,认为:竞技体育在我国建国初期担负着扭转国人“东亚病夫”形象和体现社会主义国家“优越性”的政治任务,而计划经济政策的实施,从某种程度上,保证了运动员的顺利就业安置;然而,近些年运动员保障政策的频频出台却未能促进运动员顺利就业,究其原因更多归结于运动员错过了文化素质提高的敏感期,导致整体素质较低而无法适应现代市场经济社会的人才要求。
The retirement placement of athletes has a direct impact on the sustainable development of our competitive sports and the social harmony and stability. Although the state has promulgated a series of policies on the protection of athletes, its effect is not very satisfactory. The frequent occurrences of Zou Chunlan, Ai Dongmei and Zhang Shangwu have seriously affected the image of China’s competitive sports. Through literature review, mathematical statistics and other methods, from the perspective of the target management theory, the evolution and implementation of the safeguard policies for athletes in our country are analyzed. It is concluded that the competitive sports in the early days of our country were responsible for reversing the image of the sick people in East Asia And the socialist mission of “superiority”, and the implementation of planned economic policies has, to some extent, ensured the smooth placement of athletes; however, the frequent promulgation of athlete support policies in recent years has failed To promote the smooth employment of athletes, the reason is more due to the athletes missed the cultural quality of the sensitive period, leading to the overall low quality and can not adapt to modern market economy and social requirements of personnel.