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静脉空气栓塞是静脉穿刺和手术的一种较常见并发症。只要手术野高于心脏水平以及开放的静脉伴低于大气压的静脉压或高于静脉压的空气源就存在发生空气栓塞的条件。气胸、气腹、气脑、腹膜后充气、子宫腔注气、静脉插管、硬膜外注气等操作如有静脉刺破以及手术、创伤使静脉产生裂口都有可能发生静脉空气栓塞。小量空气栓塞,无血流动力学反应者无需特殊处理,但大量空气栓塞常易致死。因此必需迅速作出诊断和进行紧急治疗。过去那种靠典型症状和体征的诊断方法显然已不敷需要。随着现代医学的进展,空气栓塞的检测方法也有了明显进步。本文介绍国内外有关检测空气栓塞的近况。
Venous air embolism is a more common complication of venipuncture and surgery. Air embolism conditions exist as long as the surgical field is above the level of the heart and open venous pressure is associated with sub-atmospheric venous pressure or air pressure above venous pressure. Pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoperitoneum, retroperitoneal inflation, uterine cavity insufflation, intravenous catheterization, epidural gas insufflation and other operations, such as venous puncture and surgery, trauma vein rupture may occur venous air embolism. A small amount of air embolism, no hemodynamic response to the need for special treatment, but a large number of air embolism often lethal. It is therefore imperative to make prompt diagnosis and emergency treatment. The past, by the typical symptoms and signs of the diagnosis is clearly not enough. With the progress of modern medicine, air embolism detection methods have also been significantly improved. This article introduces the current situation of air embolism detection at home and abroad.