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目的探讨凝胶直接抗球蛋白试验的特点及其在自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)实验诊断中的应用价值,提高致敏红细胞检出率。方法检测临床诊断疑似AIHA标本135例。用Coomb’s凝胶试剂卡对受检标本进行直接抗球蛋白试验。以试管法直接抗球蛋白试验作对照。凝胶法阳性者用单特异性IgG和C3d凝胶试剂卡进行分型。结果试管法直接抗球蛋白试验阳性19例,Coomb’s凝胶直接抗球蛋白试验(GDAT)阳性24例,两种检测方法间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对24份凝胶直接抗球蛋白试验阳性标本进行IgG和C3d分型,其中IgG+C3d型7例(29%),IgG型13例(54%),C3d型4例(17%)。结论凝胶直接抗球蛋白试验不需洗涤红细胞,操作简便,重复性好;检测致敏红细胞灵敏度优于试管法,在AIHA实验诊断中值得临床推广应用。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of gel direct antiglobulin test and its value in the experimental diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and to improve the detection rate of sensitized erythrocytes. Methods The clinical diagnosis of suspected AIHA specimens of 135 cases. Directly antiglobulin test of the test specimens with Coomb’s gel reagent card. Test tube method for direct anti-globulin test as a control. Gel-positive individuals were genotyped with monospecific IgG and C3d gel reagent cards. Results There were 19 positive cases of direct antiglobulin test in tube test and 24 positive cases of Coomb’s gel antiglobulin test (GDAT). The difference between the two test methods was statistically significant (P <0.05). IgG and C3d were detected in 24 positive samples of gel anti-globulin test, of which 7 were IgG + C3d (29%), 13 (54%) were IgG and 4 (17%) were C3d. Conclusion Gel direct antiglobulin test does not require washing of erythrocytes. It is easy to operate and has good repeatability. Sensitivity of detecting erythrocytes is better than that of test tube. It is worthy of clinical application in AIHA experimental diagnosis.