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目的:研究优秀速度滑冰运动员专项技术的稳定性及肌电特征。对象与方法:用视频和表面肌电同步采集了国家速滑队女子短距离组五位运动员冰上滑跑过程支撑腿的肌电参数,从左脚与右脚以及屈和伸两个角度对技术稳定性及肌电特征进行了研究。结果:胫骨前肌和股四头肌是稳定的主要做功肌群;五位运动员支撑过程的表面肌电图具有显著的节奏性和高度的相似性,各单步多肌电数组与个体平均多肌电数组呈高度相关,且各肌群的贡献率较稳定。结论:优秀运动员左、右腿直道支撑滑行阶段动作技术较稳定;主要做功肌群是股四头肌和胫骨前肌;胫骨前肌最先激活,其次是股四头肌、股后群肌和腓肠肌;做功时程长短排序是股四头肌、胫骨前肌、股后群肌和腓肠肌。建议:高度重视股四头肌力量训练,采用时间长、符合小的方法发展胫骨前肌力量,采用合适方法发展特殊姿势下的腓肠力量。
Objective: To study the stability and EMG of special speed skaters. Objects and Methods: The EMG parameters of five supporting legs of ice skating team during the ice skating of the national skating team women short distance team were collected synchronously by video and surface EMG. From the perspective of left foot, right foot and flexion and extension, Stability and EMG characteristics were studied. Results: Anterior tibial muscle and quadriceps femoris were stable main muscle groups. Surface electromyography of the five athletes had significant rhythmicity and high similarity. The average number of single EMGs and individuals EMG array was highly correlated, and the contribution of each muscle group more stable. Conclusion: The skill of gliding stage of straight support of left and right leg of elite athletes is relatively stable. The main muscle groups are quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle. The tibialis anterior muscle is activated first, followed by quadriceps femoris, Gastrocnemius; the length of time sequence of practice is the quadriceps, tibialis anterior muscle, posterior group muscle and gastrocnemius. Recommendations: attaches great importance to quadriceps strength training, using a long time, in line with small methods to develop tibialis anterior muscle strength, the appropriate method of development of special posture sural power.