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革命战争年代,毛泽东一直把知识分子当作革命的同盟军。建国后,随着国内形势的变化,尤其是在三大改造完成后,毛泽东对知识分子的偏见有所发展,最终发展成了要求“知识分子劳动化”和接受“再教育”。关于知识分子的阶级属性,毛泽东有双重判断标准,一方面是从经济地位的角度出发,认为知识分子是脑力劳动者;另一方面又从政治思想状况上把知识分子划归于资产阶级、小资产阶级的行列。这种划分上的双重标准导致了毛泽东对待知识分子态度的不稳定。
In the era of revolutionary war, Mao Tse-tung had always regarded intellectuals as a revolutionary ally. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, with the changes in the domestic situation, especially after the completion of the three major reforms, Mao Zedong’s development of prejudices against intellectuals eventually developed into a requirement that “intellectuals work in labor” and accept “re-education” . On the class attribute of intellectuals, Mao Zedong has double judgment criteria. On the one hand, from the perspective of economic status, intellectuals think that they are mental workers; on the other hand, they classify intellectuals from the state of political thought as bourgeoisie, The ranks of the bourgeoisie. The double standard of division led to the instability of Mao Zedong’s attitude toward intellectuals.