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对 1 9、2 0世纪之交美国海外扩张的研究是整个美国外交史学的极为重要的部分 ,在一定意义上 ,这一研究折射出美国外交史学陷入困境的症结与原因 ,同时也映现着美国外交史学发展的出路和方向。美国外交史学在以下两个问题上无法解释美国海外扩张的合理性 :其一 ,海外扩张是否违背了局限于大陆拓进的孤立主义外交传统 ;其二 ,海外帝国的追求是否有悖于美国人视为立国之本的民主理想。自 2 0世纪初美国外交史学产生以来 ,无论是理想主义史学的“背离说” ,还是现实主义史学的“国家利益说” ,都不能说明海外扩张的历史逻辑性。修正派史学虽然揭示了美国扩张外交的本质 ,但由于其“由内到外”的研究体系的局限 ,最后难免落入孤立主义的陷阱。本文着重介绍了“后修正史学”的“综合研究”和“国际研究”的研究方法 ,指出不同民族的观念、情感的平等沟通和交流才能代表着美国外交史学的发展方向。
The study of the overseas expansion of the United States at the turn of the nineteenth and the mid-2000s is an extremely important part of the entire American history of diplomacy. To a certain extent, this study reflects the crux of the reasons for the troubled diplomatic history in the United States, The Way Out and Direction of the Development of Diplomatic History. American diplomatic history can not explain the rationality of the overseas expansion of the United States on the following two issues: First, does overseas expansion run counter to the isolationist tradition of diplomacy limited to the development of the mainland? Second, does the pursuit of the overseas empire run counter to the American It is regarded as the democratic ideal of establishing the country. Since the beginning of the diplomatic history of the United States in the early 1900s, neither the “deviation from the idealism” theory nor the “national interest theory” of the realist historiography can explain the historical logic of overseas expansion. Although the revisionist school of history reveals the essence of the U.S. expansionary diplomacy, it is inevitable that it will eventually fall into the trap of isolationism because of its limitations of the “inward-outward” research system. This paper focuses on the research methods of “comprehensive study” and “international study” of “post-revisionism history”, and points out that the concept of different ethnic groups, the equal communication and exchange of emotion can represent the direction of the development of American diplomatic history.