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为了分析汽车用空气弹簧的刚度特性及影响因素,介绍了空气弹簧的有效承压面积、底座的形状、空气弹簧的初始压力、辅助气室、分子运动过程等影响空气弹簧刚度特性的因素。运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,建立了膜式空气弹簧有限元模型,在不同帘线角、帘线层间距、帘线密度、帘线层数等参数条件下对膜式空气弹簧的刚度特性进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明:帘线参数是影响膜式空气弹簧刚度特性的敏感因素,随着帘线层间距的增加,空气弹簧垂向刚度减小;随着帘线角角度的增加,空气弹簧垂向刚度减小;随着帘线层数增多,空气弹簧的垂向刚度增大;帘线层间距和帘线密度对空气弹簧的垂向刚度影响不大,而帘线角和帘线层数对膜式空气弹簧垂向刚度特性影响较大。
In order to analyze the stiffness characteristics and influencing factors of air springs for automobile, the factors that affect the stiffness characteristics of air springs are introduced, such as the effective bearing area of air spring, the shape of base, the initial pressure of air spring, the auxiliary air chamber and molecular motion. Using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, a membrane air spring finite element model was established. The stiffness characteristics of membrane air springs under different parameters of cord angle, cord spacing, cord density, cord layer and so on Simulation analysis. The results show that the cord parameters are the sensitive factors that affect the stiffness characteristics of the membrane air spring. The vertical stiffness of the air spring decreases with the increase of the cord layer spacing. As the angle of the cord increases, the vertical stiffness of the air spring The vertical stiffness of the air spring increases with the increase of the number of layers of the cord; the effect of the cord layer spacing and the cord density on the vertical stiffness of the air spring is not significant, Vertical air spring stiffness characteristics of a greater impact.