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目的了解2011年北京市中小学生吸烟现状及其影响因素,以及中小学生对烟草知、信、行情况,为制定相关干预措施提供参考。方法于2011年4—5月,采用二阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对北京市小学及各类中学(初中、高中、职高)共计160所学校的16 512名中小学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查。结果小学、初中、高中、职高学生的尝试吸烟率分别为6.2%,14.5%,26.8%,49.6%;现在吸烟率分别为0.9%,3.3%,7.9%,23.4%,均为男生高于女生,差异有统计学意义。7 d内小学生和中学生的二手烟暴露率分别为35.4%和39.6%。女生和现在不吸烟者对烟草相关知识的知晓率、正确态度持有率分别高于男生和现在吸烟者。中小学生现在吸烟的危险因素有男生、家中父母有人吸烟、每日零花钱较高、好友中有人吸烟;保护因素有自感学习成绩较好、好友递烟肯定不吸。结论北京市中小学生尝试吸烟率、二手烟暴露率较往年均略有下降,但现在吸烟率仍较高。中小学控烟工作应重点做好家庭控烟和同伴教育控烟。
Objective To understand the status quo and influential factors of primary and secondary school students smoking in Beijing in 2011, primary and middle school students’ knowledge of tobacco, letters and practices, and provide references for formulating relevant intervention measures. Methods From April to May 2011, a total of 16 512 primary and secondary school students from 160 schools in Beijing’s primary and secondary schools (middle schools, high schools and vocational high schools) were enrolled in anonymous self-filling Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of smoking among primary, middle school, high school and vocational high school students was 6.2%, 14.5%, 26.8% and 49.6% respectively. The current smoking prevalence rates were 0.9%, 3.3%, 7.9% and 23.4% ,The difference was statistically significant. Second-hand smoke exposure rates for pupils and middle school students were 35.4% and 39.6% respectively within 7 days. The rate of awareness of tobacco-related knowledge among girls and current non-smokers is higher than that of boys and current smokers, respectively. Primary and secondary school students now smoking risk factors are boys, some parents at home smoking, daily pocket money higher, some friends, smoking; protective factors are better self-inductance learning, friends, certainly not smoking. Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Beijing try to smoke rate of exposure to second-hand smoke were slightly lower than in previous years, but now the smoking rate is still high. Tobacco control work in primary and secondary schools should focus on family tobacco control and peer education and tobacco control.