支原体是能独立生活的最小微生物。目前已发现有一百多种,其中最常见与人类疾病有关的有四种:肺炎支原体、人型支原体、生殖支原体与溶脲脲原体。本文拟介绍临床上最重要的肺炎支原体感染的流行病学、发病机理、临床表现、诊断与治疗。流行病学肺炎支原体感染主要发生于温带地区城市、农村的较大儿童和青年人中,四季皆可流行,但以秋季多见,为其它季节的3～5倍。潜伏期1～2周,绝大多数不出现症状或仅有轻微的非特异性鼻卡他症状及咳嗽。发病机理肺炎支原体感染主要通过呼吸道的小气溶颗粒或飞沫传播。由于仓鼠和人胚气管培 Mycoplasma is the smallest microorganism that can live independently. Currently there are more than 100 species found, of which the most common are four related to human diseases: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum. This article intends to introduce the most clinically important mycoplasma pneumoniae infection epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Epidemiology Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection occurs mainly in temperate cities and rural areas of older children and young people, all seasons can be popular, but more common in autumn, for other seasons 3 to 5 times. The incubation period of 1 to 2 weeks, the vast majority of no symptoms or only a slight non-specific nasal symptoms and cough. Pathogenesis Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is transmitted primarily through the aerosolized particles or droplets of the respiratory tract. Due to hamster and human embryonic trachea training