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美国和加拿大有长期的跨境执法合作的历史。美加两国开展跨境执法合作关系类型包括统一边境执法组、统一跨境海上执法行动计划、边境执法安全工作组和跨境犯罪论坛等。其中统一跨境海上执法行动计划,即“随船观察员”行动代表着两国打击跨境犯罪最高水平,对传统跨境执法合作内容和方式有许多创新。尽管美加跨境统一执法合作机制在国家主权、隐私权和问责性等问题存在争议,但是美加两国仍在继续探讨拓展跨境执法合作的领域和层次的可行性。美加跨境统一执法合作的成功经验对于完善湄公河流域联合执法安全合作机制具有很大借鉴价值。
The United States and Canada have a long history of cross-border law enforcement cooperation. The types of cooperation between the United States and Canada in implementing cross-border law enforcement include the uniform border law enforcement unit, the unified cross-border maritime law enforcement action plan, the border law enforcement security working group and the cross-border criminal forum. Among them, the unified cross-border maritime law enforcement action plan, that is, “on-board observer” operations, represents the highest level of cross-border crime crackdown between the two countries and has many innovations in the content and mode of traditional cross-border law enforcement cooperation. Although there are disputes over the sovereignty, privacy and accountability of cross-border cooperation between the United States and Canada, the United States and Canada continue to explore the feasibility of expanding the field and level of cross-border cooperation in law enforcement. The successful experience of U.S.-Canada cross-border unified law enforcement cooperation has great reference value for improving the mechanism of security cooperation in the joint law enforcement of the Mekong River Basin.