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士在中国古代历史中,不仅有其特殊的社会地位,而且在文化上也有其特殊的意义与特殊的价值。当前学术界和普通民众对士的理解,基本上是一种社会学和历史学的理解。这种理解基本上是从士作为一个知识群体在历史上的表现和功能,即从“相”和“用”两个维度进行的,对于士之为士的“体”却缺乏深切透辟的体认。之所以选取马一浮作为省思士之为士的典型,不仅因为他在中国现代文化史上最孤寂、最笃实地恪守了士的精神,而且因为他对士的本质有与孔子不一不异的论述。
In ancient Chinese history, Shi not only had its special social status, but also had its special significance and special value in culture. At present, the understanding of academics and ordinary people on disabilities is basically a kind of sociological and historical understanding. This understanding is basically based on the historians’ performance and function in history as a group of knowledge, that is, from the two dimensions of “phase” and “use”, but there is no deep penetrating body for the scholar’s “body” recognize. The reason why Ma Yifu was chosen as the typical example of provincial scholars is not only because he has abided by the most lonest and most honestly abided by the spirit of the scholars in the history of modern Chinese culture but also because of his disagreement with Confucius .